1 DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE DEFENSE OFFICE OF HEARINGS AND APPEALS In the matter of: ) ) ) ISCR Case No. 15-05699 ) Applicant for Security Clearance ) Appearances For Government: Pamela C. Benson, Esq., Department Counsel For Applicant: Pro se ______________ Decision ______________ CREAN, Thomas M., Administrative Judge: Applicant did not provide sufficient documentation to mitigate security concerns for financial considerations under Guideline F and personal conduct under Guideline E. Eligibility for access to classified information is denied. Statement of the Case On January 28, 2015, Applicant submitted an Electronic Questionnaire for Investigations Processing (e-QIP) to obtain a security clearance required for employment with a defense contractor. (Item 2) Applicant was interviewed by a security investigator from the Office of Personnel Management (OPM) on March 11, 2015. (Item 5) After reviewing the results of the OPM investigation, the Department of Defense (DOD) could not make the affirmative findings required to issue a security clearance. On March 10, 2016, DOD issued a Statement of Reasons (SOR) to Applicant detailing security concerns for financial considerations under Guideline F and personal conduct under Guideline E. (Item 1) The action was taken under Executive Order 10865, Safeguarding Classified Information within Industry (February 20, 1960), as amended; Department of Defense Directive 5220.6, Defense Industrial Personnel 2 Security Clearance Review Program (January 2, 1992), as amended (Directive); and the adjudicative guidelines (AG) effective in the DOD on September 1, 2006. On June 8, 2017, new AGs were implemented and are effective for decisions issued after that date.1 Applicant answered the SOR on March 30, 2016, admitting the 15 allegations of delinquent debt under Guideline F. Applicant admitted the two allegations of falsification of information in his e-QIP under Guideline E. However, his explanation for his answers on the e-QIP is actually a denial of the allegations. I find that he denied the two personal conduct allegations. He elected to have the matter decided on the written record. (Item 1) Department Counsel submitted the Government’s written case on May 11, 2016. (Item 6) Applicant received a complete file of relevant material (FORM) on May 19, 2016. He was provided the opportunity to file objections and to submit material to refute, extenuate, or mitigate the disqualifying conditions. Applicant did not respond to the FORM. I was assigned the case on April 7, 2017. Procedural Issues Applicant was advised in the FORM that the summary of the Personal Subject Interview (PSI) with an OPM investigator (Item 5) was not authenticated and could not be considered over his objection. He was further advised that he could make any corrections, additions, or deletions to the summary to make it clear and accurate, and could object to the admission of the summary as not authenticated by a Government witness. He was additionally advised that if no objection was raised to the summary, the Administrative Judge could determine that he waived any objection to the admissibility of the PSI summary. Applicant did not respond to the FORM, so he did not raise any objection to consideration of the PSI. Since there is no objection by Applicant, I will consider information in the PSI in my decision. Findings of Fact After thoroughly reviewing the case file, I make the following findings of fact. Applicant is 34 years old. He graduated from high school in May 2002, and has taken community college courses, but did not receive a degree. Applicant married in May 2006, and divorced in May 2012. There was one child from the marriage and Applicant provides support to the child. Applicant served on active duty in the Army from November 2004 until November 2012. He received an honorable discharge as a specialist. He was eligible for access to classified information while on active duty. Applicant was unemployed after leaving the Army from November 2012 until June 2013. He received unemployment compensation during this time. He has been a systems engineer for a defense contractor since June 2013. (Item 2, e-QIP, dated January 28, 2015, Item 5 PSI, dated March 11, 2015) 1 I considered the previous AGs, effective September 1, 2006, as well as the new AGs, effective June 8, 2017. My decision would be the same if the case were considered under the previous AGs. 3 The SOR alleges, and credit reports (Item 3, dated February 11, 2015; Item 4, dated February 12, 2016) confirm the following delinquent debts for Applicant: a loan charged off by a creditor specializing in credit for military personnel for $14,025 (SOR 1.a); a car loan charged off for $3,487 (SOR 1.b); a debt for a repossessed car for $2,589 (SOR 1.c); a charged off loan for vehicle repairs from a creditor specializing in loans for military personnel for $2,006 (SOR 1.d); credit card accounts charged off or in collection from different creditors for $1,041 (SOR 1.e), $616 (SOR 1.f), and $1,003 (SOR 1.g); a debt in collection for $992 (SOR 1.h); a phone debt in collection for $971 (SOR 1.i); and a credit card debt in collection for $441 (SOR 1. j). Also listed is a debt in collection to a store for $388 (SOR 1.k); a phone account in collection for $373 (SOR 1.l); a television service provider debt in collection for $245 (SOR 1.m); an account in collection for $988 (SOR 1.n); and a delinquent credit card for $90 (SOR 1.p). The amount of the delinquent debt is approximately $29,255. The SOR alleges two personal conduct security concerns for Applicant for failing to provide full, accurate, and complete information on his January 28, 2015 e-QIP. Applicant allegedly did not list a driving while intoxicated arrest in February 2011 in response to question 22 of the e-QIP. Applicant did not note any delinquent debts in response to financial question in Section 26 of the e-QIP. In the PSI, Applicant reported that he was unaware of most of the delinquent debts reported to him by the security investigator. He recognized some debts as his wife’s debts, and he was only an authorized user on the accounts. He reported that he made payments on some accounts until he and his wife divorced in March 2012. He denied receiving collection or other notices about delinquent debts. He stated that he would pull a credit report and research the debts. If he were responsible for the debts, he would contact the creditors and make payment arrangements. (Item 5, PSI at 10-15) In his response to the SOR, Applicant attributes much of his delinquent debts to the financial problems encountered when he left active duty and divorced. He said he forgot about the debt at SOR 1.a; and reported that the loan at SOR 1.b was for his former wife’s car that she did not transfer to her name when they divorce. He could not afford to make payments on the loan at SOR 1.c when he left active duty. He stated that he forgot about the loan at SOR 1.d, and could not afford payments on the credit card at SOR 1.e because of unemployment. He noted that the debts at SOR 1.f to SOR 1.i are the result of his former wife not paying debts she agreed to pay in the divorce. Applicant reported that the debts at SOR 1.j and 1.l to 1.n are due to Applicant’s own negligence in not paying the debts. Applicant noted that he could not afford to make payments on the utility debt at SOR 1.k after leaving the Army. Applicant claims to be working with the credit card company to resolve the debt at SOR 1.o. (Item 1, Response to SOR, dated March 30, 2017) Applicant did not provide any documents to verify his SOR response. He did not present any documents to verify that he contacted creditors to make payment or settlement arrangements. He did not provide any evidence of his efforts to pay, settle, compromise, dispute, or otherwise resolve any of the delinquent debts. 4 Applicant was arrested for driving under the influence of alcohol but was only convicted of reckless driving. Applicant noted the reckless driving conviction on the e- QIP. Applicant informed the security investigator in the PSI that after leaving a bar where he had one beer, he was stopped by the police and cited for driving while intoxicated. He informed the security investigator that he was only convicted of reckless driving, received a suspended sentence, and paid a fine. In response to the SOR, Applicant reported that he misunderstood the question on the e-QIP. He believed the charge was reckless driving and not driving while intoxicated. He did not report the offense as driving while intoxicated on his e-QIP because the conviction was for reckless driving. He noted that he should have asked for clarification of the question. As to his failure to provide negative financial information on the e-QIP, Applicant reported that he did not ask for or have a credit report so he did not know of the delinquent debts. He did not report any delinquent debts on his e-QIP. (Item 5, PSI, dated March 11, 2015, at 9-10) Policies When evaluating an applicant’s suitability for a security clearance, the administrative judge must consider the adjudicative guidelines (AG). In addition to brief introductory explanations for each guideline, the adjudicative guidelines list potentially disqualifying conditions and mitigating conditions, which must be considered in evaluating an applicant’s eligibility for access to classified information. These guidelines are not inflexible rules of law. Instead, recognizing the complexities of human behavior, these guidelines are applied in conjunction with the factors listed in the adjudicative process. The administrative judge’s overarching adjudicative goal is a fair, impartial, and commonsense decision. According to AG ¶ 2(a), the entire process is a conscientious scrutiny of a number of variables known as the “whole-person concept.” The administrative judge must consider all available, reliable information about the person, past and present, favorable and unfavorable, in making a decision. The protection of the national security is the paramount consideration. AG ¶ 2(b) requires that “[a]ny doubt concerning personnel being considered for national security eligibility will be resolved in favor of the national security.” In reaching this decision, I have drawn only those conclusions that are reasonable, logical, and based on the evidence contained in the record. Under Directive ¶ E3.1.14, the Government must present evidence to establish controverted facts alleged in the SOR. Under Directive ¶ E3.1.15, the applicant is responsible for presenting “witnesses and other evidence to rebut, explain, extenuate, or mitigate facts admitted by applicant or proven by Department Counsel. . . .” The applicant has the ultimate burden of persuasion for obtaining a favorable security decision. 5 A person who seeks access to classified information enters into a fiduciary relationship with the Government predicated upon trust and confidence. This relationship transcends normal duty hours and endures throughout off-duty hours. The Government reposes a high degree of trust and confidence in individuals to whom it grants access to classified information. Decisions include, by necessity, consideration of the possible risk the applicant may deliberately or inadvertently fail to safeguard classified information. Such decisions entail a certain degree of legally permissible extrapolation of potential, rather than actual, risk of compromise of classified information. Section 7 of EO 10865 provides that decisions shall be “in terms of the national interest and shall in no sense be a determination as to the loyalty of the applicant concerned.” See also EO 12968, Section 3.1(b) (listing multiple prerequisites for access to classified and sensitive information) Analysis Financial Considerations Failure to live within one’s means, satisfy debts, and meet financial obligations may indicate poor self-control, lack of judgment, or unwillingness to abide by rules and regulations, all of which can raise questions about an individual’s reliability, trustworthiness, and ability to protect classified or sensitive information. (AG ¶ 18) An individual who is financially irresponsible may also be irresponsible, unconcerned, or careless in his obligations to protect classified information. Behaving responsibly or irresponsibly in one aspect of life provides an indication of how a person may behave in other aspects of life. A person’s relationship with his creditors is a private matter until evidence is uncovered demonstrating an inability or unwillingness to meet their financial obligations. Absent evidence of strong extenuating or mitigating circumstances, an applicant with a history of serious or recurring financial difficulties is in a situation of risk inconsistent with the holding of a security clearance. An applicant is required to manage his or her finances in such a way as to meet financial obligations. Credit reports reveal, and Applicant admitted, that he has multiple delinquent debts dating to as early as 2011. The evidence is sufficient to raise security concerns under Financial Considerations Disqualifying Conditions AG ¶ 19: (a) inability to satisfy debts, (b) unwillingness to satisfy debts regardless of the ability to do so; and (c) a history of not meeting financial obligations. 6 The information raises issues about Applicant’s willingness and ability to meet his financial obligations. Once the Government has established the adverse financial issue, the Applicant has the responsibility to refute or mitigate the issue. I considered the following Financial Consideration Mitigating Conditions under AG ¶ 20: (a) the behavior happened so long ago, was so infrequent, or occurred under such circumstances that it is unlikely to recur and does not cast doubt on the individual's current reliability, trustworthiness, or good judgment; (b) the conditions that resulted in the financial problems were largely beyond the person’s control (e.g. loss of employment, a business downturn, unexpected medical emergency, or a death, divorce, or separation, clear victimization by predatory lending practices, or identity theft), and the individual acted responsibly under the circumstances; (c) the person has received or is receiving counseling for the problem from a legitimate and credible sources, such as a non-profit credit counselling service, and there are clear indications that the problem is being resolved or is under control; and (d) the individual has initiated and is adhering to a good-faith effort to repay the overdue creditors or otherwise resolve debts. The mitigating conditions do not apply. Applicant’s debts are numerous, recent, and were not incurred under circumstances making recurrence unlikely. Applicant divorced and was unemployed for a few months after leaving active duty in the Army. He received unemployment compensation while unemployed. He did not establish that the divorce and the unemployment were conditions that prohibited him from attempting to resolve his financial problems. The conditions causing Applicant’s financial problems were within his control. He stated that he did not resolve some of his financial issues because of his own negligence. Applicant did not provide information concerning financial counseling. He did not present a plan to resolve his financial problems or any efforts to pay or resolve his delinquent debts. Accordingly, he has not established a good-faith effort to pay his debts. Applicant has been gainfully employed since June 2013 and seems to have the ability to resolve his delinquent debts. He has not acted responsibly because he has not developed plans to pay his delinquent debts. There is no clear evidence that his debt problems have been resolved, so his finances are not under control. Overall, he has not acted with reason and responsibility towards his finances. His actions are a strong indication that he will not protect and safeguard classified information. Applicant did not present sufficient information to mitigate financial security concerns. 7 Personal Conduct Personal conduct is a security concern because conduct involving questionable judgment, lack of candor, dishonesty, or unwillingness to comply with rules and regulations can raise questions about an individual’s reliability, trustworthiness, and ability to protect classified and sensitive information. Of special interest is any failure to provide truthful and candid answers during national security investigative or adjudicative processes. (AG ¶ 15). Personal conduct is always a security concern because it asks whether the person’s past conduct justifies confidence that the person can be trusted to properly safeguard classified or sensitive information. Authorization for a security clearance depends on the individual providing correct and accurate information. If a person conceals or provides false information, the security clearance process cannot function properly to ensure that granting access to classified or sensitive information is in the best interest of the United States Government. While there is a security concern for a deliberate omission, concealment, or falsification of a material fact in any written document or oral statement to the Government when applying for a security clearance, not every omission, concealment, or inaccurate statement is a falsification. A falsification must be deliberate and material. It is deliberate if done knowingly and willfully with intent to deceive. The SOR alleges that Applicant did not provide full, complete, and accurate information concerning a driving while intoxicated arrest. The SOR also alleges that Applicant did not report on his e-QIP that he has delinquent debts. Applicant’s failure to list the a driving while intoxicated arrest and his delinquent debts on his e-QIP raises a security concern under Personal Conduct Disqualifying Condition AG ¶ 16(a) (deliberate omission, concealment, or falsification of relevant facts from any personnel security questionnaire, personal history statement, or similar form used to conduct investigations, determine employment qualifications, award benefits or status, determine eligibility or trustworthiness, or award fiduciary responsibilities). Applicant denied that he intentionally did not provide full, complete, and accurate information on his security clearance application. Applicant did not note the driving while intoxicated arrest because he was only convicted of reckless driving. He listed the offense as reckless driving because that was what he understood the offense to be. He did not deliberately provide inaccurate information. He provided the information as he knew it. Applicant did not consult his credit report before completing the e-QIP. He did not list any delinquent debts on his e-QIP. Applicant must have known that he had loans and credit cards that he had not paid. He did not know all of the details of his financial situation, but he knew he had delinquent debt. Because Applicant should have known of his the delinquent loans and credit cards, his failure to list any delinquent debt on the e- QIP was deliberate with an intent not to present a true picture of his financial situation. His failure to provide the correct information obscured the full extent of his financial 8 situation from adjudicators. I find Applicant deliberately failed to provide correct and accurate information concerning his debts on his SCA. Whole-Person Concept Under the whole-person concept, an administrative judge must evaluate an applicant’s eligibility for access to classified information by considering the totality of the applicant’s conduct and all relevant circumstances. The administrative judge should consider the nine adjudicative process factors listed at AG ¶ 2(d): (1) the nature, extent, and seriousness of the conduct; (2) the circumstances surrounding the conduct, to include knowledgeable participation; (3) the frequency and recency of the conduct; (4) the individual’s age and maturity at the time of the conduct; (5) the extent to which participation is voluntary; (6) the presence or absence of rehabilitation and other permanent behavioral changes; (7) the motivation for the conduct; (8) the potential for pressure, coercion, exploitation, or duress; and (9) the likelihood of continuation or recurrence. Under AG ¶ 2(c), the ultimate determination of whether to grant eligibility for access to classified information must be an overall common-sense judgment based upon careful consideration of the guidelines and the whole-person concept. I considered the potentially disqualifying and mitigating conditions in light of all the facts and circumstances surrounding this case. I considered Applicant’s eight years of active duty service in the Army, and that he successfully had eligibility for access to classified information while on active duty. Applicant failed to report on a plan to pay his delinquent debts. In requesting an administrative determination, Applicant chose to rely on the written record. In so doing, he failed to supplement the record with relevant and material facts regarding his financial circumstances, to adequately articulate his positions, and provide facts to mitigate the financial security concerns. In short, the file lacks sufficient evidence provided by Applicant to establish that he paid, arranged to pay, settled, compromised, disputed, or otherwise resolved his delinquent accounts. The record lacks corroborating or substantial document and details to explain his finances. In addition, he deliberately failed to report his debts on his SCA. Applicant’s failure to appropriately manage his finances, and his lack of action to resolve financial issues, are firm indications that he may not adequately safeguard classified information. Overall, the record evidence leaves me with questions and doubts concerning Applicant’s judgment, reliability, and trustworthiness. He has not established his suitability for access to classified information. For all these reasons, I conclude Applicant did not mitigated the security concerns arising from his financial situation and personal conduct. 9 Formal Findings Formal findings for or against Applicant on the allegations set forth in the SOR, as required by section E3.1.25 of Enclosure 3 of the Directive, are: Paragraph 1, Guideline F: AGAINST APPLICANT Subparagraphs 1.a - 1.o: Against Applicant Paragraph 2, Guideline E: AGAINST APPLICANT Subparagraph 2.a: For Applicant Subparagraph 2.b: Against Applicant Conclusion In light of all of the circumstances presented by the record in this case, it is not clearly consistent with the national interest to grant Applicant eligibility for access to classified information. Eligibility for access to classified information is denied. _________________ THOMAS M. CREAN Administrative Judge